First, most of the drugs need to be excreted by the kidneys after the vast majority of drugs into the human body, there are two main ways of excretion, one way is directly through the kidneys, by the urine excretion out of the body; the other way is first metabolized by the liver, and then metabolites through the kidneys, by the urine excretion out of the body.
Some drugs are also excreted through feces, breath and sweat. However, overall, the metabolism of the vast majority of drugs ultimately needs to pass through the kidneys and be excreted through the urine. When taking medication, the amount of urine will affect the concentration of the drug in the urine. If the amount of urine is too low, the concentration of the drug in the urine will be too high, causing damage to the kidneys.
Second, need to drink more water commonly used drugs
1、Lower blood uric acid drugs: commonly used to reduce uric acid generation of allopurinol, febuxostat, and increase uric acid excretion of benzbromarone. Allopurinol and febuxostat will reduce the generation of uric acid from xanthine, causing an increase in the concentration of xanthine in the urine; febuxostat will increase the concentration of uric acid in the urine. During the medication period, you need to drink more than 2000 ml of water per day, otherwise it is easy to induce xanthine stones or uric acid stones.
2、Antipyretic and analgesic drugs: commonly used antipyretic drugs are acetaminophen, ibuprofen, high-dose aspirin, etc., when taking, to increase the amount of water. When taking antipyretic drugs, there will be a lot of sweating to reduce body temperature, the loss of water is greater, need to supplement water. And the high concentration of such drugs will stimulate the gastric mucosa, drinking a lot of water when taking medication can dilute the concentration of drugs and reduce adverse reactions.
3、Antibacterial drugs: a variety of sulfonamides antibacterial drugs, as well as a variety of quinolone antibacterial drugs, “sarsin”, high concentration in the urine, in the urine volume is not enough, easy to precipitate crystals, causing damage to the kidneys. Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics, with nephrotoxicity, you need to drink more water to dilute the urine and promote drug excretion.
4、Antiviral drugs: treatment of viral acyclovir, famciclovir and other drugs, excreted through the kidneys, need to increase the amount of water during the use of drugs, to avoid the occurrence of drug crystals, injury to the kidneys.
5、Bisphosphonates: the treatment of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, sodium alenphosphate, disodium clodronate and other drugs, may cause electrolyte disorders and dehydration, so during the use of the drug should pay attention to replenish the amount of water. Moreover, bisphosphonates are irritating to the esophagus, you need to take the medication with at least 200 ml of water, as well as ensure that your upper body is upright for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
Third, with the right way to drink more water for normal adults, drink 2000 ml of water every day, even if it is to achieve the “drink more water” needs. However, if the weather is hot, strenuous exercise caused by a lot of sweating, or have diarrhea, the amount of water should be increased appropriately.
For people with gout, high blood uric acid, the daily water intake can reach 3000 ml ~ 4000 ml. Do not worry about drinking a lot of water will be exhausted kidneys, the human body’s kidneys have a lot of potential, as long as the kidney function is normal, drink more water on the kidneys beneficial, can produce a “rinse” the role of the urinary system.
Drinking water should be careful, do not drink a lot of water in a short period of time, otherwise it will make the circulating blood volume suddenly increased, will increase cardiovascular risk. Split 2000ml of water into multiple portions and drink it in small sips throughout the day is the correct way to drink water.
To summarize, the excretion of the vast majority of drugs needs to pass through the kidneys. If the urine volume is too low, the concentration of drugs in the urine will be too high, which is easy to cause damage to the kidneys, and also easy to precipitate crystals and induce stones. So when taking drugs, as long as there is no special requirements, try to drink more water to protect the kidneys.